Hydrocarbon lighting system.



C. K. HARDING. HYDROCARBON LIGHTING SYSTEM. APPLIGATION FILED $214224,1910.

Patented 112111.31, 1911.

'ossea-a "entran sans rif-grr rre.

CHARLES KNOX HARDING, OF CHICAGO, ILlIICNOIS.

'HYDOCARON LIGHTING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Eatent.

Patented Jan. 3i, 1911.

Application filed September 24, 19-10. Serial No. 583,683.

o all who/m' it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES Knox HAI:- nrno, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Viloodlawn, city of Chicago, county of Cook,State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inHydrocarbon Lighting Systems, of

which the following is a specication, which will enable others familiarwith the art to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part thereof.

My invention relates generally to hydrocarbon incandescent lightingsystems, and

more particularly to gasolene incandescent,

lights operating highslow system. l

The principal object oi my invention is to produce an ellicient lightfrom the various grades of gasolene, in sneh a manner that it can beoperated for long periods of time without liability of: deposits oraccumulaon what is known as the tions of less volatile matter beingformed to attainment of the highest etliciency and economy in lamps ofthis kind. Where the smallflame for 'eneratino' and the laro'e flame forb b b lighting the mantle are both produced at the same burner gauze inthe mantle and their relative size governed by varying the fuel supply,the relative proportions ot fuel consumption respectively between themaximum and minimum is not very great. Some lamps of this class havebeen especially designcdfor the purpose ot reducing the minimum byintegrating the vaporizing tube with the burners and other highly heatedparts in metallic heat conducting relation.

A lamp of this construction will produce a` small fiame,'suitable formaintaining a lamp at the generating 'temperature with less fuelconsumption than would be'required for a -lamp designed solely for theproduction of light with the greatest eliiciency.

As the best conditions ot working in both high and low burnings are notidentical, according to my invention I' employ4 in co1n bination in alighting device, means for maintaining generation of the lamp Amostsuitable for a small consumption of oil and means consist-ing of amodified arrangement and adjustment of the parts forthe production oflight, w-hcreby the best construction stationary vaporizer and the heatcollectingr and conducting metal parts connected there with; Fig. 3 is asection o`n line 3-3 of F1g. l and shows the air ports at the end of the-Bunsen tube the air inlet openingin the end of' the rotating sleevewhich acts as a shutter to regulate the air entering the Bunsen-tube;4

As shown in the drawing, the lamp is 'adapted to operate and permit arelative movement of its parts so as to conform to the requirements oftwo somewhat distinct ot conditions. Among the desirable conditions whenthe lamp is burning low, the 'following may be mentioned: The vaporizingtubes must be kept hot enough at someone point t.oprevcnt fractionaldistillation ot the mixed hydrocarbon of which commercial gasolene iscomposed; yet velocity -o'l the l'lowotf the vapor from the jet orificeshould be lower and the percentage ot' air taken in with the mixtureshould be less than when used for incandcscing a mantlc, the Bumsen tubeand passages through the metal parts ovl the burner body may be hotter,thus expa iding'and superheating the air andyvapor w tho'ut disadvantageas the gauze opening will permit, the passage of the necessary amounteven when highly eX- panded and the heat absorbed by Ithe'miztturc willbe given ott atthe burner and help' heat the vaporizing tube.

A slower velocity of How of themixture will permit shorter passage tothe burner and insure sullicient mixing, and the shorter passage may bethrough a ,hotter burnerl body, and the burner may be closer to theburner body. For obtaining the maximum etlioiency in the production otlight the vapor musi be discharged from the jet at the maximum velocityobtainable. lt niust take in a fixed percentage of its weight of air andthe mixture passed at as high velocity possible through the burner andburned in contact with an incandescent mantle at a sufficiently highrate to insure that the quantity of combustible reaching the mantle in agiven time is sufficient to raise the temperature as high as possible.'The most perfect mixture is produced by passing the air and vapor at ahigh velocity through rather longerpassagcs between the jet and burnerand the mixture should not be expanded and have its caloritlc valuereduced until it has passed through the burner openings to the mantle.The burner body and passages should preferably be farther removed fromthe burners.

As illustrated in the drawings the moving parts of the lamp are shown inthe full lines in the position of the parts when the lamp is burninglow.

The burner body l carries the telescoping sleeves, 2, which surround thedownwardly -eXtended burner tubes 3, adapted to slide therein. rllhebiiinei-tiibes carry at their lower end the burners et, having theperforated 'gauze 5, through which the gas mixture passes. Theslidingburner tubes are also provided with a metal heat collecting andconducting piece C, which is illustrated and shown in Fig. 2 to beattached to the lower end of the tubes and serves to raise and lower thetubes with `relation to the burner body by means of the bail 7 which isacted on by the cam 8. `When the lamp is` burning in the position shownthe fiame will be small and close to the burner and may produce a smallamount ot' light but its main function is to keep the` burner and heatconducting piece 6 at a high temperature. ln the position shown the heatconducting piece 6 will be in. metallic contact with the heat `conveyingmetal block 9 sui.

rounding the vaporizing tube 10. The burner body 1 also carries theBunsen tube 1l extending` horizontally and terminating near the vapordischarge orifice. lhe'outcr end of the Bunsen tube is liii'gely closedby the end ot the valve which contains the vapor orifice. llie Bunsentube is provided at its sides near the jet orifice with air inlet ports12 and is surrounded by .a rotating sleeve 13, which is provided withsimilar air ports so that a partial rotation of the sleeve will open orclose the air inlet Ypassages through the ports.

ln the operation ot' the lamp the liquid hydrocarbon enters through thepipe lll and passes through the valve 15 into the vaporizing tube 10where it is converted into' vapor and the vapor passes through thelateral arm 16. to the jet` orilice 17.' /The discharge from the orifice17 is controlled by inserting or withdrawing a metallic -wire about oneone-thousandth ot an inch ing devices and is provided at its outer endIwith a screw threaded portion lt), having a. very rapid pitch so thatapproximately a quarter of a. revolution will produce in'otioii enoughto insert or withdraw the wire from the orifice. The screw 19 isprovided on its outer end with a collar 20, having the arms 22 and 22extending radially and carrying chains depending from their respectiveends, so that by pulling down on the chain of arm 21, the collar 2O isrotated tothe right and the wire is inserted into the orifice 17, thusreducing the flow. The collar 2O also carries an arm 23 extendinginwardly parallel tothe rod 18 which engages the sides of notch 24,projecting from the end 'of the rotating sleeve 13, which has an inletopening, which in one position corresponds to the airinlet ports 12 andin this position acts as a shield to restrict the admission olE airthrough the ports 12. It will, there fore, be understood thatirotarymotion will result in reducing the llow of vapor from the oril'i'ce andsimultaneously reduce the admission of air to the Bunsen tube. lherotating sleeve 13 also carries the cani S which engages the upperportion of tlie'bail 7 which supports the burner tul; l and the burners4 so that a rotation ot the sleeve and cani of about one-fourth of ayrevolution slides the burner tubes f5 within the telescoping tubes 2carried by the burner body '1 and raises the burners 4 and mantles 29`into their upper position where they are in the most effective heatcommunicating relation to the vaporizing tube 10 and iii metallic heatconducting relation therewith, through the heat conducting metal block5l,

and the heat collecting and conducting s piece 6. The rotation of thesleeve and shut ter also 'partially closes the air admission ports 12and reduces tlie'air supply to the Bunsen tube. i

ln operating the lamp as by pulling down, on the chain connecting arm2l,-the various moving parts of the appa atusfwill be placed in thepositionA best adapted for the maintenance ot the lamp in a generatedcondition with a minimum consumption of fuel. It will be undestood thatby ulling the oppositechain connected with tie arm 22, the vapordischarge orifice will ybe enlarged and the burners and mantles will belowered into avposition indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 2, morefavorable for the' distribution of light. They will also be fartherremoved tronil the burner body l and tend to prevent excessive heatingof the combustible mixture passing therethrough,

and the mixture will have a somewhat greater length to travel beforereaching the burners. rlhe air ports will also be opened, permitting thefull supply of air to the Bun- `sen tube.-

The burners 4l: may be of the usual construction having a perforatedgauze 5 in its lower surface through which the gasolene mixture passesto the mantles and being adapted on its outer circumference to hold aninverted mantle which may be tied on or secured to the burner in anysuitable manner.- The burner gauze may, however,be made with somewhat.larger openings than those heretofore successfully used in lamps ofordinary construction because when the oil supply is reduced, the airsupply is also simultaneously reduced to such an extent as to preventthe fla-me from flashing back through thc gauze.

It is well known that the intlammability oit ay mixture of hydrocarbonand air as well as the rate of propagation of flame through such amixture increases very rapidly as the percentage of air approaches thequantity necessary for the complete combustion ofthe hydrocarbon presentin the mixtiire sov that a highly explosive mixture cannot beadvantageously used when supplied hrough gauze openings at a relativelyslow velocity, as would be most advantageous to use for the maintenanceof the relatively low temperature necessary to maintain a lamp in thegenerated condition, while for incandescing a mantle the highestvelocities ot i'low and the most inflammable mixture conduce tothehighest lighting eiliciency.

Having now described my invention and villustrated one method by whichit may be carried out; what l claim is:

l. In a device of the character described, a vaporizer and a burner, ajet orilice, a lunsen tube, a burner body having chan.- nelsltherethrough and leading therefrom to the burner for conveying themixture ot vapor and air from said Bunsen tube to said burner, and means'for simultaneously changing the flow of vapor and the distance olftheburners from the said burner body.

2. In a device or' the character described, an adjustable burner, avapor-incr having a jet orifice, a Bunsen tube, a'burner body havingpassages therethrough for conveying the combustible mixture from theBunesaaer sen tube to the said burners, and means for simultaneouslyincreasing or decreasing the distance ot' the burners from the saidburner body and increasing or decreasing the. flow of vapor from saidjet orifice.

3. In a device of the character described, adjustable burners, avaporiz'er having a vapor jet orifice," a Bunsen tube, a" burner bodyhaving passages therethrough for con-- veying a combustible mixture fromthe Bunsen tube to the burners in combination With means forsimultaneously increasing or decreasing the distance of the burners fromthe said burner body and the vaporizer and the flow of vapor from `thejet orifice.

4. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of anadjustable burner, a vaporizer having a .vapor jet orilice and means forcontrolling the flow of vapor therefrom, a Bunsen tube having air inletports and meansA for regulating the admission of air thereto, a burnerbody havingl passages therein for conveying the mixture :from the bunsentube to the burners, and means for simultaneously increasing the flow ofvapor and air and increasing` the distance between said burner body andsaid burners and for simultaneously decreasing the flow of vapor, theadmission of air and the distance between said burners land the burnerbody. c l

5. In an apparatus of the character described, comprising an adjustableburner, a vaporizer havin@ a vapor jet orifice and means for controllingthe VloW of vapor therefrom, a Bunsen-tube having air in lets, and meansfor regulating the admission of air thereto, a burner body havingpassages therein `:for conveying 'the m1xture "from the Bunsen` tube tothe burners, in

combination With means for simultaneouslyincreasing the flow of vaporand ,air and the distance between said burners and the saidburner bodyand vaporizer or for s1mu`l,

taneously decreasing the loW of'vapo'r, the admission of air and thedistance between said burners and the burner body 'and'said vaporizer. l

In testimony whereof I atliX mylsignature.

in .the 4presence of tvvo Witnesses.

cuantas KNOX HARDING.

W'itnesses: i l

GRACE WATTS, E. C. TRACY.

